Anatomy

The Anatomy of a Book
Notes for future reference, also need to improve my use of correct terminology. 
"Bookbinding is the process of physically assembling a book from a number of folded or unfolded sheets of paper or other material. It usually involves attaching covers to the resulting text-block."

Different types of binding
Perfect binding / Coil binding / Plastic binding / Multi binding / Velo binding / Thesis binding

1 - Belly Band

2 - flap

3 - endpaper

4 - book cover

5 - top edge

6 - fore edge

7 - tail edge

8 - right page

9 - left page

10 - gutter

Terms
Gutter - Channel and combined marginal space formed by the two inner or back margins of facing pages of a volume. Margin along the spine
gsm - Grams per square metre. The standard measurement used for weighing paper and board
Leaf - a single complete page, front and back, in a finished book
Endleaves - The page at the beginning of the book and the end of the book
Recto - leaf faces left when the leaf is held straight up from the spine (right)
Verso - leaf faces right when the leaf is held straight up from the spine (left)

A basic unit in book design is the page spread. The left page (verso) and right page (recto) are of the same size and aspect ratio, and are centered on the gutter where they are bound together at the spine.

Ratio - a relationship between two numbers of the same kind
Aspect Ratio - ratio of a shape is the ratio of its longer dimension to its shorter dimension.

"In the ISO paper size system, the height-to-width ratio of all pages is the square root of two (1.4142 : 1). The width and the height of a page relate to each other like the side and the diagonal of a square. This aspect ratio is especially convenient for a paper size. If you put two such pages next to each other, or equivalently cut one parallel to its shorter side into two equal pieces, then the resulting page will have again the same width/height ratio."

Pagination - 1 - Page numbers, the sequential numbers given to pages in a book or document. / 2 - Act of numbering pages, the process or work of numbering pages.

"Imposition is one of the fundamental steps in the prepress printing process. It consists in the arrangement of the printed product’s pages on the printer’s sheet, in order to obtain faster printing, simplified binding and less waste of paper. (go up in multiples of 4)